40 Facts About Periclase

What is Periclase?

Periclase is a mineral composed primarily of magnesium oxide (MgO). It is often found in metamorphic rocks and is known for its high melting point and hardness. Let's dive into some fascinating facts about this mineral.

1. Periclase is named after the Greek word "periklasis," meaning "to break around," due to its perfect cleavage.

2. It typically forms in marble and other metamorphic rocks that have undergone high temperatures and pressures.

3. Periclase has a cubic crystal system, which means its crystals are shaped like cubes.

4. The mineral is usually colorless or white but can appear green, yellow, or brown due to impurities.

5. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5, making it relatively hard but not as hard as quartz or diamond.

Formation and Occurrence

Understanding where and how periclase forms can give us insights into geological processes.

6. Periclase commonly forms in contact metamorphic zones where limestone or dolomite has been altered by heat from nearby magma.

7. It can also be found in skarns, which are calcium-bearing silicate rocks formed at the contact zone between igneous intrusions and carbonate sedimentary rocks.

8. This mineral is often associated with other high-temperature minerals like spinel, olivine, and calcite.

9. Periclase can also occur in some meteorites, indicating its formation in extraterrestrial environments.

10. It is rarely found in large quantities, making it a relatively uncommon mineral.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Periclase has some unique physical and chemical properties that make it stand out.

11. It has a high melting point of about 2800°C, making it useful in refractory materials.

12. Periclase is highly refractory, meaning it can withstand very high temperatures without melting or breaking down.

13. It has a specific gravity of 3.56, which is relatively high for a mineral.

14. The mineral is insoluble in water but can be dissolved in acids.

15. Periclase has a vitreous to dull luster, giving it a glassy or slightly shiny appearance.

Industrial Uses

Periclase is not just a geological curiosity; it has practical applications too.

16. It is used in the production of refractory bricks, which line furnaces and kilns due to its high melting point.

17. Periclase is also used in the steel industry to line basic oxygen furnaces.

18. It serves as a raw material for producing magnesium metal and magnesium compounds.

19. The mineral is used in the glass industry to improve the durability and quality of glass products.

20. Periclase is sometimes used in the ceramics industry to produce high-temperature ceramics.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Periclase has played a role in human history and culture, albeit a minor one.

21. The mineral was first described in 1840 by Austrian mineralogist Wilhelm von Haidinger.

22. It has been used in scientific research to study high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.

23. Periclase has occasionally been used as a gemstone, although it is not commonly found in jewelry.

24. The study of periclase has contributed to our understanding of the Earth's mantle, where similar high-pressure minerals are found.

25. It has also been used in experimental petrology to simulate the conditions of the Earth's interior.

Interesting Tidbits

Here are some lesser-known facts that might surprise you.

26. Periclase can sometimes be found as inclusions in diamonds, providing clues about the conditions deep within the Earth.

27. The mineral can alter to brucite (Mg(OH)2) when exposed to water over long periods.

28. Periclase is often studied in laboratories to understand its behavior under extreme conditions.

29. It has been found in some lunar samples brought back by the Apollo missions.

30. Periclase can also form as a result of volcanic activity, particularly in basaltic lava flows.

Scientific Research

Periclase continues to be a subject of scientific interest and research.

31. Researchers study periclase to understand the properties of the Earth's mantle, where similar minerals exist.

32. It is used in high-pressure experiments to simulate conditions found deep within the Earth.

33. Periclase's behavior under extreme conditions helps scientists develop better materials for industrial applications.

34. The mineral is also used in studies of phase transitions, where it changes from one crystal structure to another under different conditions.

35. Periclase has been used in experiments to understand the role of magnesium in geological processes.

Environmental Impact

Periclase has some environmental implications worth noting.

36. The extraction and processing of periclase can have environmental impacts, including habitat disruption and pollution.

37. However, its use in refractory materials can improve the efficiency of industrial processes, potentially reducing overall environmental impact.

38. Researchers are exploring ways to recycle periclase-containing materials to minimize waste.

39. The mineral's high melting point makes it useful in processes that aim to reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency.

40. Periclase's role in scientific research can lead to discoveries that help mitigate environmental issues, such as understanding volcanic activity and its impact on climate.

The Final Word on Periclase

Periclase, a fascinating mineral, holds a unique place in both geology and industry. Its high melting point and resistance to corrosion make it invaluable in manufacturing refractory materials. Found primarily in metamorphic rocks and some igneous formations, periclase often appears alongside minerals like calcite and dolomite. Its cubic crystal structure and glassy luster add to its allure for mineral collectors.

Understanding periclase's properties helps us appreciate its role in various applications, from lining furnaces to serving as a catalyst in chemical reactions. This mineral's ability to withstand extreme conditions makes it a cornerstone in industries requiring durable materials.

So, next time you come across a piece of periclase, remember its significance extends far beyond its appearance. This mineral is a testament to nature's ability to create materials that meet human needs in remarkable ways.