50 Facts About Edinburgh

Geographical Marvels of Edinburgh

Edinburgh's unique geographical features have shaped its history and culture. Let's explore some fascinating aspects of its location and landscape.

1. Edinburgh is situated in southeastern Scotland, nestled on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth, an arm of the North Sea. This strategic location has played a significant role in the city's development and defense throughout history.

2. The city council area of Edinburgh covers approximately 102 square miles (264 square kilometers), with a population of around 482,640 as of 2011. The city itself has a population of about 459,366.

3. Edinburgh was founded on an ancient volcanic rock. Arthur’s Seat, which towers over the city, is part of an extinct volcano system that shaped the surrounding landscape millions of years ago. Even the famous Edinburgh Castle is perched on a volcanic rock, making it a strategic military stronghold.

4. Edinburgh was officially named “Dùn Èideann” in ancient Gaelic, meaning “fort on the slope.” This name reflects the city's early significance as a fortified settlement.

5. The city's unique landscape is punctuated by upthrusts of lava. One of these, Arthur’s Seat, has an elevation of 823 feet (251 meters) and dominates the city’s southeastern flank. The valleys between these hills were scoured deep and clean by glacial action in the Pleistocene Epoch.

Historical Significance and Landmarks

Edinburgh's rich history is evident in its landmarks and architecture. Here are some key historical facts about the city.

6. Edinburgh has been a military stronghold, the capital of an independent country, and a center of intellectual activity. Despite experiencing various fortunes, the city has consistently renewed itself, making it a resilient and dynamic place.

7. The medieval Old Town and the Neoclassical New Town were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1995. This recognition highlights the unique architectural and cultural heritage of Edinburgh.

8. The Old Town, built up in the Middle Ages, huddles high on the Castle Rock overlooking the surrounding plain. In contrast, the New Town spreads out in a magnificent succession of streets, crescents, and terraces. These two areas are distinct yet complementary, reflecting the city's rich history and architectural evolution.

9. At the city’s core is the Old Town’s Castle Rock, a plug of black basalt sealing the vent of an extinct volcano. It stands 250 feet (76 meters) above the valley floor and is crowned by the famous Edinburgh Castle, which is subtly floodlit every night.

10. Edinburgh Castle is one of the most iconic landmarks in the city. It stands upon an extinct volcano and has been a strategic military stronghold throughout history. The castle is home to the Crown Jewels of Scotland, known as the “Honours of Scotland,” which have been used in coronations since the 16th century.

11. Edinburgh Castle also houses the Stone of Destiny, an ancient artifact used in the coronation of Scottish kings. This mysterious stone was taken by the English in the 13th century and only returned to Scotland in 1996.

12. Just down the Royal Mile from Edinburgh Castle, Holyrood Palace is the official residence of the British monarch when they visit Scotland. Holyrood has a rich history full of dramatic events involving royalty.

13. The Royal Mile stretches one mile between Edinburgh Castle and the Palace of Holyroodhouse. This name comes from its tradition as being a processional route for kings and queens for the last 500 years. However, interestingly, the Royal Mile is not actually a mile long; it is 1,107 yards long.

Cultural and Haunted Edinburgh

Edinburgh is known for its vibrant culture and haunted past. Let's delve into some intriguing cultural and spooky facts.

14. The charming little narrow streets running down off the Royal Mile (called ‘closes’) used to be some of the dirtiest streets in the city due to poor hygiene practices. People living above the street would dump their chamber pots onto the ground below, contributing to the city's unsanitary conditions.

15. Princes Street Gardens, now a beautiful and lush park, used to be a marsh called Nor’ Loch that aided in the defensibility of the Northern boundary of Edinburgh. However, due to its downhill proximity from Old Town, Princes Street Gardens actually used to be where the drainage from the city’s chamber pots ended up.

16. Edinburgh is one of the most haunted places in Europe. Mary King’s Close is said to be one of the most haunted places in the city, with countless ghost sightings reported.

17. In the 18th century, Edinburgh earned the nickname “The Athens of the North” as it became the epicenter of intellectual and scientific progress. During this period, some of Scotland’s most influential thinkers, such as David Hume and Adam Smith, revolutionized philosophy and economics. Many of the ideas that shaped the modern world were born in the taverns and salons of Edinburgh’s Old Town.

18. The stark contrast between Edinburgh’s Old Town and New Town is so distinct that both were named UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1995. The Old Town retains its medieval charm with narrow, winding alleys, while the New Town represents the Enlightenment ideals with its grid-like streets and elegant Georgian architecture.

19. Arthur’s Seat is one of Edinburgh’s most iconic landmarks, standing 251 meters high and offering breathtaking views of the city. It is actually an extinct volcano that last erupted about 350 million years ago.

Festivals and Celebrations

Edinburgh is a city of festivals, attracting visitors from around the world. Here are some facts about its famous festivals and celebrations.

20. Edinburgh’s population doubles when the Fringe Festival comes to town. There are typically over 50,000 performances from 3,000 shows in 300 venues across the city, attracting visitors from far and wide to experience the world’s largest arts festival.

21. Many of the ideas that shaped the modern world were born in the taverns and salons of Edinburgh’s Old Town. This intellectual hub was where thinkers like David Hume and Adam Smith revolutionized philosophy and economics.

22. While Edinburgh is not the birthplace of the Harry Potter series, it is where the idea for the whole wizarding world came about. Author J.K. Rowling frequently visited coffee shops like The Elephant House and those along Victoria Street when writing the famous stories. Some of the magical films were even filmed in Edinburgh.

23. Greyfriars Bobby was a dog who became known in Edinburgh for spending 14 years guarding the grave of his owner until he died on January 14, 1872. This heartwarming story has become a beloved part of Edinburgh’s folklore.

24. Edinburgh Castle was once home to an elephant after Highlanders returned to Edinburgh in 1838 after being posted in Sri Lanka. The elephant lived at the castle and became the head of the infantry marching band.

25. Every country in the world has its own national animal, and Scotland’s is the unicorn. In Celtic mythology, unicorns are a sign of power as well as purity and innocence.

26. Sir Nils Olav, the world’s only knighted penguin, resides at Edinburgh Zoo. His role includes inspecting the Norwegian Guard when they visit Edinburgh. The King penguin has also been promoted to Brigadier!

Green Spaces and Environmental Initiatives

Edinburgh is known for its green spaces and commitment to the environment. Here are some interesting facts about its parks and green initiatives.

27. Edinburgh is the greenest city across the whole of the UK. It has an amazing 112 parks and trees more per person in the population than any other city.

28. Edinburgh’s National Monument on Calton Hill is better known as ‘Edinburgh’s Folly’ because, due to lack of funding, the building was never completed. It was modelled on the Parthenon in Greece but never reached its full potential.

29. The earliest known human habitation in the Edinburgh area was of a Mesolithic camp site dated to around 8500 BC. Traces of later Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements have been found on Castle Rock and Arthur’s Seat.

30. Edinburgh is Scotland’s second-most populous city, behind Glasgow, and the seventh-most populous city in the United Kingdom.

31. A person from the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, is called an Edinburgher.

32. Dating back centuries, Gaelic is the founding language of Scotland that is thought to originate from Ireland. Although speakers of the language were persecuted over the centuries, Gaelic is still spoken today by around 60,000 Scots.

Famous Personalities and Innovations

Edinburgh has been home to many famous personalities and innovations. Here are some notable facts about its contributions to the world.

33. Alexander Graham Bell, the man who brought telephone technology to the world, was born in Edinburgh in 1847.

34. Located right in New Town, Edinburgh, Princes Street is shopping central for locals and visitors alike. The department store Jenners, affectionately known as ‘The Harrods of the North,’ opened in 1838 and is the world’s oldest department store and the largest shop in Scotland.

35. Edinburgh is a festival city, hosting internationally renowned festivals throughout the year, including the Tattoo, International, and Fringe festivals in August. There are also festivals for books, film, jazz, fire, science, and children.

36. Beyond the festivals, there is a rich history of literature and a love of museums and galleries. Must-visit spots include the National Museum of Scotland and Scottish National Gallery. Camera Obscura and Dynamic Earth are ideal for the whole family.

37. Edinburgh is blessed with many green spaces for a city. Princes Street Gardens was voted the most beautiful park in the UK outside London. For even more of an escape, visitors can head to Portobello Beach.

38. From whisky and haggis to luxurious tasting menus and locally-sourced seafood, Edinburgh offers a variety of options for lovers of exceptional flavors. The city is a haven for foodies, providing a culinary experience that is both rich and diverse.

39. The capital of Scotland has not always been Edinburgh. Prior to 1437, a town called Scone was the country’s capital. After the assassination of King James I of Scotland, it was thought that the country’s capital should have more defensive properties for the ruler.

40. The strategic location of Edinburgh on Castle Rock made it an ideal defensive stronghold.

41. The famous Edinburgh Castle actually stands upon an extinct volcano. It is thought that the volcano is from around 350 million years ago. Despite being extinct, its volcanic plug still holds strong, hence why Edinburgh Castle was built upon it.

42. Edinburgh is the greenest city across the whole of the UK. It has an amazing 112 parks and trees more per person in the population than any other city. New initiatives pushing for even more ways to offset their carbon footprint are continually being rolled out as they have their sights set on being seen as the greenest city in the world.

43. Discover practical information that will meet the travel trade needs. From short and long stay itineraries to food and drink locations, there are resources available to help plan your trip to Edinburgh.

44. Explore a range of short and long stay Edinburgh itineraries. These itineraries offer something new and exciting for your customers, ensuring they have an unforgettable experience in the city.

45. An overview of food and drink locations and experiences in Edinburgh. From traditional Scottish cuisine to modern dining options, there is something for everyone in this culinary city.

46. An overview of accommodation in Edinburgh. From budget-friendly options to luxurious hotels, there is a wide range of places to stay that cater to all budgets and preferences.

47. The past looms over the city on Castle Rock, but in the Old Town, visitors can’t go far without coming across a tall tale from Edinburgh’s history – from Greyfriars Kirkyard to St Giles’ Cathedral.

48. Quite different from the Tattoo, International, and Fringe festivals in August, there are internationally renowned festivals happening across the city throughout the year – books, film, jazz, fire, science, children, etc. There is a festival for everyone.

49. Beyond the festivals, there is a rich history of literature and a love of museums and galleries. Must-visit spots include the National Museum of Scotland and Scottish National Gallery. Camera Obscura and Dynamic Earth are ideal for the whole family, showcasing the city’s commitment to preserving its cultural heritage.

50. Edinburgh is a city that offers an unparalleled blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. From its ancient volcanic roots to its modern-day attractions, there is always something new and fascinating to discover in this enchanting Scottish capital. Whether you are interested in history, culture, or simply exploring one of the most beautiful cities in the world, Edinburgh has something for everyone.

Edinburgh: A City of Endless Fascination

Edinburgh is a city that effortlessly blends history, culture, and natural beauty. From its ancient volcanic roots to its modern-day attractions, there's always something new to discover. Whether you're wandering through the medieval Old Town, exploring the Neoclassical New Town, or hiking up Arthur’s Seat, the city offers a unique experience at every turn. The Royal Mile, Edinburgh Castle, and Holyrood Palace are just a few of the iconic landmarks that tell tales of the past. Festivals like the Fringe and the International Festival bring the city to life, doubling its population and filling the streets with art and performance. Edinburgh's green spaces, culinary delights, and haunted history add layers of charm. This Scottish capital is a place where tradition meets innovation, making it a must-visit destination for anyone.