35 Facts About Frances Perkins

Early Life and Education

Frances Perkins, a trailblazer in American history, had a fascinating early life and education that shaped her future contributions.

1. Born on April 10, 1880, in Boston, Massachusetts, she was originally named Fannie Coralie Perkins.
2. She graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1902 with a degree in chemistry and physics.
3. Perkins later earned a master's degree in sociology and economics from Columbia University in 1910.
4. She changed her name to Frances while attending college, believing it sounded more professional.

Career Beginnings

Perkins' early career set the stage for her later achievements in labor reform and social justice.

5. She worked as a teacher in Chicago, where she became involved in social work.
6. In 1911, she witnessed the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, a pivotal event that spurred her commitment to labor rights.
7. Perkins served as the executive secretary of the New York City Consumers League, advocating for better working conditions.
8. She became the first female member of the New York State Industrial Commission in 1918.

Secretary of Labor

Frances Perkins made history as the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet, serving as Secretary of Labor under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

9. Appointed in 1933, she held the position for 12 years, the longest tenure of any Secretary of Labor.
10. Perkins played a key role in crafting the New Deal, a series of programs aimed at economic recovery during the Great Depression.
11. She was instrumental in establishing the Social Security Act of 1935, providing financial assistance to the elderly and unemployed.
12. Perkins helped implement the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which introduced minimum wage and maximum working hours.

Advocacy and Reforms

Perkins' advocacy extended beyond her role as Secretary of Labor, influencing numerous reforms.

13. She championed the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps, providing jobs for young men during the Great Depression.
14. Perkins advocated for unemployment insurance, ensuring financial support for those out of work.
15. She pushed for the establishment of the Public Works Administration, funding large-scale public works projects.
16. Perkins was a strong supporter of workers' rights to unionize and collectively bargain.

Personal Life and Legacy

Frances Perkins' personal life and enduring legacy continue to inspire generations.

17. She married Paul Caldwell Wilson in 1913, and they had one daughter, Susanna.
18. Perkins balanced her demanding career with caring for her husband, who suffered from mental illness.
19. She was known for her distinctive style, often wearing a tricorn hat and pearls.
20. Perkins' work laid the foundation for modern labor laws and social welfare programs.

Honors and Recognition

Perkins received numerous honors and recognition for her contributions to American society.

21. In 1967, she was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
22. Perkins' alma mater, Mount Holyoke College, named a building in her honor.
23. The Frances Perkins Center in Newcastle, Maine, was established to preserve her legacy and promote social justice.
24. Perkins was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1982.

Interesting Tidbits

Some lesser-known facts about Frances Perkins add depth to her remarkable story.

25. She was a devout Episcopalian and often drew on her faith for strength and guidance.
26. Perkins was an accomplished public speaker, known for her persuasive and eloquent speeches.
27. She enjoyed gardening and found solace in nature.
28. Perkins was a voracious reader, with a particular interest in history and literature.

Lasting Impact

Frances Perkins' impact on American society remains significant, with her contributions continuing to resonate today.

29. Her work influenced the development of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
30. Perkins' advocacy for social security has provided financial stability for millions of Americans.
31. She inspired future generations of women to pursue careers in public service and government.
32. Perkins' efforts helped shape the modern welfare state, ensuring support for vulnerable populations.

Final Facts

A few more fascinating details about Frances Perkins highlight her enduring influence.

33. She was a mentor to many young women, encouraging them to pursue their ambitions.
34. Perkins' papers and personal documents are preserved at Columbia University, offering valuable insights into her life and work.
35. Her legacy is celebrated annually on Frances Perkins Day, observed on April 10th in Maine.

Frances Perkins' Lasting Legacy

Frances Perkins left an indelible mark on American history. As the first female Cabinet member, she championed workers' rights and social welfare reforms that still impact our lives today. Her work on the Social Security Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, and unemployment insurance laid the groundwork for modern labor laws. Perkins' dedication to improving conditions for workers, especially during the Great Depression, showcased her unwavering commitment to social justice. Her legacy reminds us of the power of determination and compassion in shaping a better society. By understanding her contributions, we gain a deeper appreciation for the rights and protections we often take for granted. Frances Perkins' story is a testament to the difference one person can make, inspiring future generations to continue the fight for equality and fairness in the workplace.