30 Historic Facts About The U.S. Capitol

The U.S. Capitol: A Symbol of Democracy

The U.S. Capitol stands as a powerful symbol of American democracy. Its history is filled with fascinating stories, architectural marvels, and significant events. Here are some intriguing facts about this iconic building.

1. The U.S. Capitol's cornerstone was laid by George Washington on September 18, 1793. This event marked the beginning of the Capitol's construction.

2. The original design of the Capitol was created by Dr. William Thornton, an amateur architect whose plan won a design competition.

3. The Capitol has been rebuilt and expanded several times due to fires, wars, and the growing needs of Congress.

4. The Capitol dome, an iconic feature, was completed during the Civil War in 1866. It replaced an earlier, smaller dome.

5. The dome is made of cast iron and weighs nearly 9 million pounds. It stands 288 feet tall.

Architectural Marvels of the Capitol

The Capitol's architecture is a blend of neoclassical elements, symbolizing the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome. Let's explore some architectural marvels of this historic building.

6. The Capitol's Rotunda is a grand, circular room located beneath the dome. It serves as a ceremonial space for important events.

7. The Rotunda's ceiling features a fresco called "The Apotheosis of Washington," painted by Constantino Brumidi in 1865.

8. The Capitol's east front was extended in the 1950s to provide more space for congressional offices.

9. The building's exterior is made of white marble, giving it a majestic and timeless appearance.

10. The Capitol's grounds cover 58.8 acres and include beautiful gardens, fountains, and statues.

Significant Events at the Capitol

The U.S. Capitol has been the site of many significant events in American history. These events have shaped the nation and its government.

11. The Capitol was partially burned by British troops during the War of 1812. Reconstruction began immediately after the war.

12. Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address was delivered on the steps of the Capitol on March 4, 1865.

13. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, with the Capitol as a backdrop.

14. The Capitol has hosted every presidential inauguration since Thomas Jefferson's in 1801.

15. The Capitol was the site of the first televised State of the Union address by President Harry S. Truman in 1947.

Art and Statues in the Capitol

The Capitol is home to an impressive collection of art and statues, each with its own story and significance.

16. The National Statuary Hall Collection features statues donated by each state, representing notable figures from their history.

17. The Capitol's Crypt houses 13 statues representing the original 13 colonies.

18. The Brumidi Corridors are decorated with elaborate frescoes and murals by Constantino Brumidi, often called the "Michelangelo of the Capitol."

19. The Capitol Visitor Center, opened in 2008, includes exhibits on the history and architecture of the Capitol.

20. The Capitol's art collection includes portraits of every Speaker of the House and Vice President.

Security and Preservation of the Capitol

Maintaining the security and preservation of the Capitol is crucial to protecting its historical and cultural significance.

21. The Capitol Police, established in 1828, is responsible for the security of the Capitol complex.

22. The Capitol underwent a major restoration project in the 1990s to address structural issues and preserve its historical features.

23. The Capitol's dome was restored between 2014 and 2016, involving extensive repairs to its cast iron structure.

24. The Capitol's security was significantly enhanced after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

25. The Capitol's preservation efforts include maintaining its extensive art collection and historical documents.

Fun and Lesser-Known Facts

Beyond its historical and architectural significance, the Capitol has some fun and lesser-known facts that add to its charm.

26. The Capitol has its own subway system, connecting it to congressional office buildings.

27. The Capitol's dome is topped with the Statue of Freedom, a bronze statue standing 19.5 feet tall.

28. The Capitol has a hidden room called the "Whispering Gallery," where whispers can be heard clearly across the room due to its unique acoustics.

29. The Capitol's original design included a central rotunda, two wings for the Senate and House of Representatives, and a library.

30. The Capitol's clock tower houses the "Old Senate Chamber," which served as the meeting place for the Senate from 1810 to 1859.

The Capitol's Legacy

The U.S. Capitol stands as a symbol of democracy, resilience, and history. From its iconic dome to the storied halls, every corner tells a tale. The Capitol has witnessed pivotal moments like presidential inaugurations, landmark legislation, and historic speeches. Its architecture reflects the nation's growth, blending neoclassical design with modern touches. The Capitol isn't just a building; it's a living museum, housing artifacts and art that chronicle America's journey. Visiting or learning about the Capitol offers a deeper appreciation of the country's heritage. It's a reminder of the values and principles that shape the United States. Whether you're a history buff or just curious, the U.S. Capitol remains a beacon of the American spirit. So next time you see its majestic dome, remember the stories and significance it holds.