50 Facts About Mahatma Gandhi

Early Life and Education

Mahatma Gandhi, born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, is one of the most influential figures in history. His early life and education played a significant role in shaping his philosophies and actions.

1. Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, a coastal town in present-day Gujarat, India.
2. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, served as the chief minister of Porbandar.
3. Gandhi's mother, Putlibai, was deeply religious and influenced his spiritual development.
4. At the age of 13, Gandhi married Kasturba Makhanji in an arranged marriage.
5. He attended Alfred High School in Rajkot, where he was an average student.
6. Gandhi went to London in 1888 to study law at University College London.
7. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1891, becoming a qualified barrister.

Time in South Africa

Gandhi's time in South Africa was pivotal in his transformation into a leader of civil rights and nonviolent resistance.

8. Gandhi moved to South Africa in 1893 to work as a legal representative for an Indian firm.
9. He faced racial discrimination firsthand, which deeply impacted him.
10. In 1894, Gandhi founded the Natal Indian Congress to fight for Indian rights.
11. He developed his philosophy of Satyagraha, or nonviolent resistance, during his time in South Africa.
12. Gandhi led a campaign against the Black Act, which required Indians to carry identification passes.
13. He was imprisoned multiple times for his activism in South Africa.
14. Gandhi returned to India in 1915 after spending 21 years in South Africa.

Role in Indian Independence Movement

Gandhi's leadership in the Indian independence movement is legendary. His strategies and actions were instrumental in India's struggle for freedom.

15. Gandhi joined the Indian National Congress in 1915.
16. He launched the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 to address the plight of indigo farmers.
17. In 1919, Gandhi led protests against the Rowlatt Act, which allowed imprisonment without trial.
18. He called for a non-cooperation movement in 1920, urging Indians to boycott British goods and institutions.
19. Gandhi was arrested in 1922 and sentenced to six years in prison but was released after two years due to health issues.
20. He led the Salt March in 1930, a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea to protest the British salt tax.
21. Gandhi attended the Round Table Conferences in London to discuss India's future.
22. He launched the Quit India Movement in 1942, demanding an end to British rule.
23. Gandhi was arrested during the Quit India Movement and spent two years in prison.

Personal Beliefs and Practices

Gandhi's personal beliefs and practices were deeply rooted in nonviolence, simplicity, and self-discipline.

24. He was a staunch advocate of Ahimsa, or nonviolence.
25. Gandhi practiced celibacy from the age of 37, believing it helped him focus on his mission.
26. He promoted simple living and often wore a loincloth and shawl made from homespun cloth.
27. Gandhi was a vegetarian and believed in the benefits of a simple diet.
28. He practiced fasting as a form of self-purification and political protest.
29. Gandhi believed in the concept of Sarvodaya, or the welfare of all.
30. He emphasized the importance of self-reliance and encouraged Indians to spin their own cloth.

Legacy and Influence

Gandhi's legacy extends far beyond his lifetime. His teachings and actions continue to inspire movements for civil rights and freedom worldwide.

31. Gandhi is often referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in India.
32. His birthday, October 2, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday in India.
33. The United Nations observes October 2 as the International Day of Non-Violence.
34. Martin Luther King Jr. was deeply influenced by Gandhi's principles of nonviolence.
35. Nelson Mandela cited Gandhi as an inspiration in his fight against apartheid.
36. Gandhi's autobiography, "The Story of My Experiments with Truth," is considered a classic.
37. Numerous statues and memorials have been erected in his honor worldwide.
38. Gandhi's image appears on Indian currency notes.
39. His principles have influenced various social and political movements globally.
40. Gandhi's life and work have been the subject of numerous books, films, and documentaries.

Controversies and Criticisms

Despite his revered status, Gandhi's life and actions were not without controversy and criticism.

41. Some criticized Gandhi for his views on race during his early years in South Africa.
42. His stance on the caste system and untouchability was seen as inconsistent by some.
43. Gandhi's decision to call off the non-cooperation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident was controversial.
44. He faced criticism for his handling of the partition of India and Pakistan.
45. Some felt Gandhi's methods were too passive and slow in achieving independence.
46. His personal experiments with celibacy and chastity were controversial.
47. Gandhi's relationship with his eldest son, Harilal, was strained and troubled.
48. He was criticized for his views on industrialization and modern technology.
49. Some questioned his political strategies and alliances.
50. Despite criticisms, Gandhi remains a symbol of peace and nonviolence.

Gandhi's Legacy Lives On

Gandhi's impact on the world remains undeniable. His commitment to nonviolence, civil rights, and social justice continues to inspire movements globally. From leading India's fight for independence to advocating for the oppressed, his actions spoke louder than words. Gandhi's principles of truth, simplicity, and self-discipline offer timeless lessons. His life encourages us to strive for peace and equality in our own communities. By understanding his journey, we gain valuable insights into the power of determination and compassion. Gandhi's legacy isn't just history; it's a call to action for each of us to make a difference. Remember, even small acts of kindness and courage can create ripples of change. Let's carry forward his vision of a just and harmonious world.