15 Facts About Oldest Prison In The US

The Oldest Prison in the US: Eastern State Penitentiary

Eastern State Penitentiary, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, holds the title of the oldest prison in the United States. Built in the early 19th century, it has a rich history filled with fascinating facts. Let's dive into some intriguing details about this historic institution.

1. Opened in 1829: Eastern State Penitentiary began operations on October 25, 1829. It was designed to reform rather than punish inmates, a revolutionary idea at the time.

2. Designed by John Haviland: The prison's architect, John Haviland, was inspired by a concept called the "Pennsylvania System," which emphasized solitary confinement to encourage penitence.

3. First True Penitentiary: Eastern State was the first prison to be called a "penitentiary," a term derived from the word "penitence." The goal was to make prisoners reflect on their crimes.

4. Radial Design: The prison's layout features a central hub with cell blocks radiating outward like spokes on a wheel. This design allowed guards to monitor all cell blocks from a single location.

5. Solitary Confinement: Inmates were kept in solitary confinement 23 hours a day. They had a small exercise yard attached to their cells for the remaining hour.

Notable Inmates and Events

Eastern State Penitentiary housed some infamous criminals and witnessed significant events during its operational years. Here are some noteworthy facts about its inmates and history.

6. Al Capone's Stay: The notorious gangster Al Capone was imprisoned here in 1929. His cell was furnished with luxury items, including a rug, a desk, and a radio.

7. Willie Sutton's Escape: In 1945, bank robber Willie Sutton and 11 other inmates escaped through a tunnel they had dug over a year. They were eventually recaptured.

8. Haunted Reputation: The prison is considered one of the most haunted places in America. Many visitors and staff have reported ghostly encounters and eerie sounds.

9. Riots and Rebellions: Eastern State experienced several riots, the most notable one in 1933, which led to significant damage and changes in prison policies.

10. Closed in 1971: After 142 years of operation, the prison closed its doors in 1971. It had become outdated and was replaced by more modern facilities.

Architectural and Cultural Impact

Eastern State Penitentiary's unique design and cultural significance have left a lasting impact on prison architecture and society. Here are some facts highlighting its influence.

11. Influenced Global Prison Design: The radial design of Eastern State inspired the construction of over 300 prisons worldwide, including facilities in Europe, South America, and Asia.

12. National Historic Landmark: In 1965, the prison was designated a National Historic Landmark, recognizing its importance in American history.

13. Museum and Tours: Today, Eastern State operates as a museum. Visitors can take guided tours to learn about its history and explore the eerie, abandoned cell blocks.

14. Film and TV Location: The prison has been featured in numerous films and TV shows, including "12 Monkeys" and "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen."

15. Art Installations: The site hosts various art installations that reflect on themes of incarceration and justice, adding a contemporary layer to its historical significance.

The Final Word on the Oldest Prison in the US

Eastern State Penitentiary, the oldest prison in the US, holds a unique place in history. Opened in 1829, it was designed to reform inmates through solitary confinement. This approach, though controversial, influenced prison systems worldwide. Famous inmates like Al Capone and Willie Sutton added to its notoriety. The prison's architecture, resembling a fortress, was groundbreaking for its time. Despite closing in 1971, it remains a popular tourist attraction, offering a glimpse into the past. Visitors can explore its eerie cells and learn about its impact on modern corrections. The prison's legacy continues to spark discussions about criminal justice reform. Whether you're a history buff or just curious, Eastern State Penitentiary offers a fascinating look into America's penal history. So, next time you're in Philadelphia, consider a visit to this historic landmark.