34 Facts About Pahoehoe

What is Pahoehoe?

Pahoehoe is a type of lava flow known for its smooth, billowy, or ropy surface. It's one of the two main types of basaltic lava, the other being 'a'a. Pahoehoe is fascinating due to its unique formation and characteristics.

1. Pahoehoe is a Hawaiian term meaning "smooth, unbroken lava."
2. It forms when lava flows slowly, allowing the surface to cool and solidify while the molten lava underneath continues to flow.
3. The smooth surface of pahoehoe is often compared to the texture of a wrinkled blanket or a coiled rope.
4. Pahoehoe flows can advance at speeds of up to 10 kilometers per hour, although they typically move much slower.
5. The temperature of pahoehoe lava can reach up to 1,200 degrees Celsius (2,192 degrees Fahrenheit).

Formation and Characteristics

Understanding how pahoehoe forms and its unique characteristics can help us appreciate this natural phenomenon even more.

6. Pahoehoe forms from basaltic lava, which is rich in iron and magnesium.
7. The low viscosity of basaltic lava allows it to flow easily, creating the smooth surface of pahoehoe.
8. When pahoehoe lava cools, it can form lava tubes, which are tunnels created by flowing lava beneath the hardened surface.
9. These lava tubes can extend for several kilometers and are often large enough for people to walk through.
10. Pahoehoe flows can create intricate patterns and shapes, including spirals and lobes.

Differences Between Pahoehoe and 'A'a

Pahoehoe and 'a'a are the two main types of basaltic lava, but they have distinct differences.

11. 'A'a lava is rough, jagged, and clinkery, unlike the smooth surface of pahoehoe.
12. 'A'a flows are typically thicker and move more slowly than pahoehoe flows.
13. The transition from pahoehoe to 'a'a can occur if the lava flow cools and becomes more viscous.
14. Pahoehoe flows are usually less than 1 meter thick, while 'a'a flows can be several meters thick.
15. The surface of 'a'a lava is often covered with loose, broken lava blocks called clinker.

Pahoehoe in Volcanic Landscapes

Pahoehoe plays a significant role in shaping volcanic landscapes, creating unique formations and features.

16. Pahoehoe flows can cover large areas, creating expansive lava fields.
17. These lava fields can take years or even decades to cool completely.
18. Pahoehoe flows can create natural dams, diverting rivers and streams.
19. The smooth surface of pahoehoe makes it easier for plants to colonize compared to the rough surface of 'a'a.
20. Pahoehoe flows can create lava deltas when they enter the ocean, adding new land to coastlines.

Famous Pahoehoe Flows

Some of the most famous volcanic eruptions have produced spectacular pahoehoe flows.

21. The 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa in Hawaii produced extensive pahoehoe flows.
22. The Kilauea volcano, also in Hawaii, is known for its frequent pahoehoe lava flows.
23. The 2018 eruption of Kilauea created new land as pahoehoe lava flowed into the ocean.
24. The Galápagos Islands have numerous pahoehoe flows, contributing to their unique landscapes.
25. Iceland's volcanic activity has produced impressive pahoehoe flows, such as those from the Holuhraun eruption in 2014.

Pahoehoe and Human Interaction

Humans have interacted with pahoehoe lava in various ways, from scientific study to cultural significance.

26. Scientists study pahoehoe flows to understand volcanic processes and predict future eruptions.
27. Pahoehoe lava is often used in educational programs to teach about geology and volcanology.
28. In Hawaiian culture, lava flows, including pahoehoe, are considered sacred and are associated with the goddess Pele.
29. Pahoehoe flows can pose hazards to communities, including property damage and road closures.
30. Despite the dangers, pahoehoe flows attract tourists and adventurers who want to witness the power of nature.

Interesting Facts About Pahoehoe

Here are some additional fascinating facts about pahoehoe that highlight its unique properties and significance.

31. Pahoehoe can sometimes form lava trees, which are molds of trees that were engulfed by the flow.
32. The smooth surface of pahoehoe can be deceptively fragile, breaking underfoot to reveal molten lava beneath.
33. Pahoehoe flows can create lava lakes, which are pools of molten lava that can persist for years.
34. The study of pahoehoe and other lava types helps scientists understand the geology of other planets, such as Mars.

The Final Scoop on Pahoehoe

Pahoehoe lava is more than just a cool word to say. Its smooth, ropy texture and fascinating formation process make it a standout in the world of geology. This type of lava flows slowly, creating intricate patterns that look like twisted ropes or even a wrinkled blanket. Found mainly in Hawaii, pahoehoe offers a glimpse into the Earth's fiery insides.

Understanding pahoehoe helps scientists predict volcanic behavior and better prepare for eruptions. Plus, its unique appearance makes it a favorite among photographers and nature enthusiasts. Whether you're a geology buff or just curious, knowing these facts about pahoehoe adds a layer of appreciation for our planet's dynamic processes.

So next time you hear about a volcanic eruption, you'll know a bit more about the fascinating world of lava, especially the smooth, intriguing pahoehoe.