35 Facts About Robert Smalls

Early Life of Robert Smalls

Robert Smalls was a remarkable figure in American history. His journey from slavery to becoming a U.S. Congressman is filled with incredible moments and achievements.

1. Robert Smalls was born into slavery on April 5, 1839, in Beaufort, South Carolina.
2. His mother, Lydia Polite, was also enslaved, and they lived on the McKee family plantation.
3. Smalls' father is believed to be the plantation owner, John McKee, though this was never confirmed.
4. As a child, Smalls was hired out to work in Charleston, where he learned about the sea and ships.
5. By age 12, he was working as a laborer on the docks, gaining valuable maritime skills.

The Daring Escape

One of the most famous episodes in Robert Smalls' life was his daring escape from slavery. This event showcased his bravery and ingenuity.

6. On May 13, 1862, Smalls commandeered a Confederate transport ship, the CSS Planter.
7. He disguised himself as the ship's captain and sailed past five Confederate forts to freedom.
8. Smalls delivered the ship to the Union Navy, providing them with valuable intelligence.
9. His escape inspired many enslaved people and boosted Union morale during the Civil War.
10. Smalls' actions earned him a reward of $1,500 from the U.S. government.

Military Service

Robert Smalls didn't stop at escaping slavery. He went on to serve the Union in various capacities during the Civil War.

11. Smalls became a pilot for the Union Navy, guiding ships through dangerous waters.
12. He participated in 17 major battles and engagements during the war.
13. Smalls was promoted to the rank of captain, becoming one of the first African Americans to command a U.S. military vessel.
14. He played a crucial role in the Union blockade of Southern ports.
15. Smalls' knowledge of the South Carolina coast was invaluable to the Union forces.

Political Career

After the Civil War, Robert Smalls transitioned into a political career, where he continued to fight for the rights of African Americans.

16. Smalls was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1868.
17. He later served in the South Carolina Senate from 1870 to 1874.
18. In 1874, Smalls was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, representing South Carolina's 5th district.
19. He served five non-consecutive terms in Congress.
20. Smalls advocated for public education, civil rights, and economic development.

Legacy and Impact

Robert Smalls' legacy extends beyond his lifetime. His contributions to American society continue to be recognized and celebrated.

21. Smalls founded the Republican Party of South Carolina.
22. He was instrumental in establishing the first free and compulsory public school system in the United States.
23. Smalls fought against the disenfranchisement of African American voters during the Reconstruction era.
24. He was a delegate to several Republican National Conventions.
25. Smalls' former home in Beaufort, South Carolina, is now a National Historic Landmark.

Personal Life

Despite his public achievements, Robert Smalls also had a rich personal life filled with love and family.

26. Smalls married Hannah Jones, an enslaved woman, in 1856.
27. They had three children together: Elizabeth, Sarah, and Robert Jr.
28. After Hannah's death, Smalls married Annie Wigg in 1890.
29. Smalls was a devoted father and grandfather, ensuring his family received a good education.
30. He purchased his former owner's house in Beaufort, where he lived until his death.

Final Years and Death

Robert Smalls' final years were marked by continued service to his community and country.

31. Smalls served as the U.S. Collector of Customs in Beaufort from 1889 to 1911.
32. He remained active in politics and community affairs until his death.
33. Smalls passed away on February 23, 1915, at the age of 75.
34. He was buried in the churchyard of Tabernacle Baptist Church in Beaufort.
35. Smalls' life and legacy are commemorated in numerous monuments, schools, and historical markers across the United States.

Robert Smalls' Legacy Lives On

Robert Smalls' life is a testament to courage, determination, and resilience. From his daring escape from slavery to his impactful political career, Smalls broke barriers and paved the way for future generations. His story isn't just a chapter in history books; it's a powerful reminder of what one person can achieve against all odds. Smalls' contributions to the Civil War, his advocacy for African American rights, and his role in shaping South Carolina's political landscape are monumental. His legacy continues to inspire and educate, proving that history's heroes come from all walks of life. As we reflect on Smalls' incredible journey, let's remember the importance of perseverance and the impact one individual can make. His life story is a beacon of hope and a call to action for anyone striving to make a difference.