35 Facts About Yakuza

Origins and Structure of the Yakuza

The Yakuza, often seen as Japan's mafia, has a long and intricate history. Their structure and traditions are deeply rooted in Japanese culture, making them a unique criminal organization.

1. Name Origin
   The name "Yakuza" comes from the worst hand in the traditional Japanese card game Oichu-Kabu. A score of eight, nine, and three gives the player a score of 20, which becomes zero. This hand is called Ya-Ku-Za (eight-nine-three).

2. Legal Status
   Being a Yakuza member isn't illegal in Japan. However, their criminal activities are. Their headquarters and associated businesses are often clearly signposted.

3. Origins
   The Yakuza's origins date back to the mid-Edo period (1603–1868). They evolved from two primary groups: tekiya (peddlers of illicit goods) and bakuto (gamblers).

4. Membership
   Prospective members come from various backgrounds. Many start as street thugs or members of bōsōzoku gangs. About 60% are from burakumin, a socially discriminated group, and 30% are Japanese-born Koreans.

5. Burakumin Involvement
   Burakumin, traditionally discriminated against in Japanese society, make up a significant portion of Yakuza members. They account for about 70% of the Yamaguchi-gumi, the largest Yakuza syndicate.

Major Yakuza Syndicates

Several major syndicates dominate the Yakuza landscape. Each has its own structure, rules, and areas of influence.

6. Yamaguchi-Gumi
   Yamaguchi-gumi is the largest Yakuza faction, with over 20,000 active members as of 2023. They enforce a 12-question exam for new members to ensure they understand the laws and limits of their actions.

7. Yubitsume
   Yubitsume is a ritual where a member cuts off part of their pinky finger as a gesture of apology or remorse. This practice weakens the person in battle, making them more reliant on their boss for protection.

8. Tattoos
   Yakuza tattoos are based on Japanese culture or mythology. Getting a tattoo signifies commitment; the more tattooed you are, the more committed you are. Members cover their tattoos in public.

Rise and Decline of the Yakuza

The Yakuza has seen both peaks and declines in its influence over the years. Various factors have contributed to these changes.

9. Historical Peak
   At its height, the Yakuza had over 180,000 members. This peak occurred post-WWII when Japan was in shambles, and people believed in the concept of honorable gangsters.

10. Decline
    Due to laws like the Anti-Organized Crime Law, Yakuza membership has significantly reduced. As of 2021, there are around 24,100 members. The aging population and increased sentences for violent crimes have made membership less desirable.

11. Aging Population
    More than half of today’s Yakuza members are over 50, with ten percent over 70. This aging affects the organization's dynamics and influence.

Yakuza's Dual Nature

Despite their criminal activities, the Yakuza also engage in philanthropic efforts, especially during crises.

12. Philanthropy
    The Yakuza have been known to engage in philanthropic activities during times of crisis. For example, they donated and delivered supplies to those affected by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami.

13. Violent Activities
    Yakuza members engage in violent activities, including murder and assault. These actions are often part of their code of honor based on traditional Japanese culture and samurai traditions.

14. Code of Honor
    The Yakuza follows a strict hierarchy and code of honor rooted in Bushido, the traditional Japanese way of the warrior. Members are expected to adhere to principles like loyalty, honor, and discipline.

Financial Activities

The Yakuza has various sources of income, including loan sharking and gambling.

15. Sarakin (Loan Sharks)
    Sarakin are loan sharks within the Yakuza. They provide financial services at exorbitant interest rates, a significant income source for many groups.

16. Bakuto (Gamblers)
    Bakuto were gamblers shunned by society. They acted like loan sharks and were one of the original groups that formed the Yakuza. Cards were a significant income source, leading to the name Yakuza.

17. Tekiya (Peddlers)
    Tekiya were street peddlers and some of the lowest-ranking members of society. They became organized and shifted into organized crime in the 17th century, forming part of the Yakuza.

Rituals and Practices

The Yakuza has several unique rituals and practices that strengthen their bonds and maintain order within the organization.

18. Yakuza Rituals
    One such ritual is sakazuki, involving sharing sake to form a binding relationship rooted in Shinto tradition. This practice solidifies alliances and strengthens bonds within the organization.

19. Kuromaku (Behind-the-Scenes Fixer)
    Kuromaku refers to a behind-the-scenes fixer or power broker within the Yakuza. This individual manages the organization's affairs and ensures smooth operation.

20. Oyabun (Boss)
    Oyabun is the term for the boss or leader of a Yakuza group. The oyabun makes key decisions and maintains order within the organization.

21. Kobun (Underling)
    Kobun refers to an underling or junior member within the Yakuza. These individuals follow orders from superiors and adhere to the organization's code of honor.

22. Boryokudan (Violence Group)
    Boryokudan is a term for a violence group within the Yakuza. These groups enforce the organization's rules and deal with external threats.

Yakuza's Influence and Public Perception

The Yakuza has historically wielded significant influence over Japanese politics, business, and society. Their presence is both feared and, in some ways, respected.

23. Sōkaiya (Racketeers)
    Sōkaiya are trained Yakuza racketeers who buy company shares to enter shareholder meetings. They disrupt the meeting and threaten to share embarrassing company secrets unless paid.

24. Yakuza and Politics
    The Yakuza has historically influenced Japanese politics and business. In the 1960s, the government called on Yakuza bosses to provide security guards when President Eisenhower planned to visit Japan.

25. Yakuza in Popular Culture
    The Yakuza is often portrayed in media as violent criminals and thugs. However, they are also depicted as complex characters with a deep sense of honor and loyalty, reflecting both reality and mythology.

26. Yakuza and Foreign Cartoons
    In Japan, some foreign cartoons, including "Bob the Builder," were edited to add a fifth finger to characters' hands. Having only four fingers implies membership in the Japanese Mafia.

27. Yamaguchi-Gumi’s Halloween Party
    Yamaguchi-Gumi holds an annual Halloween party for neighborhood children in Kobe. The event is known for its decorations and gift bags, and the gangsters are often described as super nice.

28. Yakuza’s Philanthropic Efforts
    During the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the Yakuza sent hundreds of trucks filled with food, water, blankets, and sanitary accessories to aid affected areas. This act highlights their ability to engage in both criminal and charitable activities.

Modern Practices and Influence

While some traditional practices continue, the Yakuza has adapted to modern times, influencing various aspects of Japanese society.

29. Yubitsume in Modern Times
    While yubitsume is still practiced, it is less common than in the past. The ritual atones for mistakes and demonstrates commitment to the organization but is viewed as barbaric by many today.

30. Yakuza’s Influence on Japanese Society
    Despite their illegal activities, the Yakuza has been somewhat accepted by Japanese society. They are seen as part of Japanese culture, reflecting the country's complex history and social dynamics.

31. Yakuza’s Role in Land Speculation
    During Japan's rapid economic growth, the Yakuza played a significant role in land speculation. They were hired to pressure residents into leaving properties, often using forceful tactics.

32. Yakuza’s Presence in Sanja Matsuri
    The Yakuza can be observed during the Sanja Matsuri in Tokyo. Some members might allow photography, but explicit permission is crucial before uploading images to social media.

33. Yakuza’s Involvement in Corporate Affairs
    Sōkaiya, trained Yakuza racketeers, buy company shares to enter shareholder meetings. They disrupt the meeting and threaten to share embarrassing company secrets unless paid. This practice is a form of corporate extortion.

34. Yakuza’s Historical Feuds
    During a feud between two Yakuza families in the mid-80s, local newspapers printed daily “scorecards” tallying body counts on both sides. This public display highlights intense rivalries within the Yakuza.

35. Yakuza’s Cultural Significance
    The Yakuza is a complex entity that has been part of Japanese culture for centuries. Their unique customs and culture reflect the country's rich history and social dynamics. Despite their illegal activities, they maintain a level of respect among the public due to their strict code of honor.

The Yakuza's Complex Legacy

The Yakuza, Japan's infamous organized crime syndicate, is a blend of tradition, crime, and unexpected philanthropy. Originating from the Edo period, these groups evolved from street peddlers and gamblers into powerful organizations with a strict code of honor. Despite their illegal activities, they maintain a level of respect in Japanese society due to their adherence to principles like loyalty and discipline. The Yakuza's influence has waned over the years, with membership numbers dropping and an aging population. Yet, their cultural significance remains, seen in their tattoos, rituals, and even their involvement in community events. Whether it's their violent history or their surprising acts of charity, the Yakuza continues to be a fascinating and complex part of Japan's social fabric. Understanding them offers a glimpse into the intricate dynamics of Japanese culture and history.